Inclusive education
An approach that addresses exclusion and barriers across teaching, curricula, support and educational settings so learners can access learning and take part meaningfully.
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Inverse operations
Operations that undo one another in a defined context. Addition relates to subtraction, and multiplication relates to division; the quantities and operation must remain clear.
Open glossaryManipulative
An object or interactive representation used to explore a mathematical relationship. Its meaning must be connected explicitly to the diagram, language and notation.
Open glossaryNumber line
A representation of numbers as positions on a line, with equal numerical differences shown by equal distances. A labelled scale establishes the unit and direction.
Open glossaryNumber sense
Understanding numbers, quantities and their relationships well enough to represent, compare and work with them flexibly, rather than relying only on a memorised procedure.
Open glossaryOne-to-one correspondence
Pairing each object in one collection with exactly one object in another. A complete pairing with none left over shows that the collections have equal quantities.
Open glossaryParticipation
Meaningful involvement in learning: engaging with a task, contributing and showing understanding. Physical presence alone does not describe the quality of participation.
Open glossaryPlace value
The value a digit represents because of its position in a numeral. In whole-number base ten, moving one position left makes its place value ten times greater.
Open glossaryPurposive sampling
Selecting participants or cases because their experience or characteristics can inform the research question. It differs from random sampling intended to support statistical population estimates.
Open glossaryQualitative research
Systematic inquiry into meanings, experiences and context, often using interviews, observations or documents. It can explain how people understand a situation without estimating population prevalence.
Open glossaryReasonable accommodation
A necessary, appropriate adjustment for a particular person with a disability to participate on an equal basis, without imposing a disproportionate or undue burden.
Open glossaryRegrouping
Representing the same quantity with different groupings. In base ten, ten units can be exchanged for one ten, or one ten for ten units, without changing the value.
Open glossarySubitising
Recognising how many objects are in a small collection without counting them one by one. Recognisable arrangements can also reveal small groups within a larger quantity.
Open glossaryTechnical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
Education and training connected to occupational knowledge, practical skills, employment and the wider world of work. Its institutions, programmes and qualifications vary by context.
Open glossaryTen frame
A structured arrangement of ten spaces, usually two rows of five, used with counters to make quantities and relationships to five and ten visible.
Open glossaryTriangulation
Examining a question through more than one source, method or perspective. Agreements and differences can deepen interpretation; using several methods does not automatically establish truth.
Open glossaryUniversal Design for Learning (UDL)
A planning framework that anticipates learner variability through options for engagement, representation, and action and expression. It encourages designing access into learning from the start.
Open glossaryAn illustrative classroom
Compare fictional arrangements, materials, displays and movement routes.
Open learning experiencesAnatomy of a learning experience
Inspect the aim, instructions, representation, language, response, setting and support.
Open learning experiencesArrays and inverse operations
Inspect equal groups, grouping, sharing and remainders.
Open learning experiences